My research focuses on understanding and improving health systems in low- and middle-income countries, with particular emphasis on pharmaceutical policy, access to medicines, and the role of law and regulation in achieving universal health coverage.

Recent Publications (2020–2025)

2025

Differences between male and female mortality in Colombia: a population-based analysis since 1980

Espinosa O, Smith AD, Bejarano V, García-Ruiz J

The Lancet Regional Health – Americas, 2025

Population-based analysis examining gender-based mortality differences in Colombia over four decades, providing insights into long-term demographic and epidemiological trends.

Mortality Gender Colombia
2025

Estimating inequalities in excess mortality and years of potential life lost by health conditions across ethnic minorities in Colombia: a population-based study, 2018–2022

Espinosa O, Friebel R, Bejarano V, García-Ruiz J

BMJ Open, 2025

Population-based study estimating inequalities in excess mortality and years of potential life lost across ethnic minorities in Colombia, revealing disparities in health outcomes by ethnicity and health condition.

Health Inequalities Ethnic Minorities Colombia
2025

Acceso a salud de personas trans en América Latina

Arango Salazar MJ, García Ruiz J, Tamayo Quittán MP, Tejada Arteaga MC, Muñoz Benítez C, Garzón Moreno B

Colombia Diversa, 2025

Examines access to health services for transgender people in Latin America, identifying barriers and policy opportunities across the region.

LGBTQ+ Health Access to Care Latin America
2024

The Evolution of Health Benefits Packages in Colombia: Thirty Years of Successes and Failures

Brun Vergara M, García-Ruiz J, Guzman J

Health Systems & Reform, 2024

Examines how Colombia's health benefits packages evolved from two explicit packages to an implicit approach covering everything for everyone, with lessons for other LMICs pursuing universal health coverage.

Health Systems Universal Coverage Colombia
2023

Transitioning to High-Value Health Systems in G20+ Countries

García J, Reddy CI, Atan R

Health Systems Innovation Lab, Harvard University, 2023

Report on high-value health systems of G20 members developed in coordination with the Global Innovation Hub for Improving Value in Health.

Health Systems G20 Value-Based Health
2022

Our Voice in the Ciclovía: Exercising Recreation and Health Rights through Citizen Science

Higuera-Mendieta D, González SA, Chrisinger B, Castañeda NR, Rosas LG, Banchoff A, García J, et al.

Cities & Health, 2022

Explores the use of citizen science methodologies to document and advocate for urban health interventions, using Bogota's Ciclovía as a case study.

Urban Health Citizen Science Health Rights
2022

Falsified Medicines in Colombia. Analysis from an anti-corruption perspective

García J

U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre, Chr. Michelsen Institute (U4 Issue 2022:7)

Country landscape report on falsified medicines in Colombia including a political economy analysis and recommendations to improve public policy related to safer drug access.

Falsified Medicines Anti-Corruption Colombia
2021

Decriminalizing HIV in Colombia

García J, Duran S, Caicedo LM, Perez MA, Duarte D, Leon A

HPHR Journal, formerly Harvard Public Health Review, 2021

Argues that HIV criminalization is counterproductive and undermines public health goals. Examines the Colombian context and proposes alternative public health approaches.

HIV/AIDS Public Health Law Colombia
2021

Global perspectives on Covid-19 vaccination. Dealing with scarcity: equitable access to Covid-19 vaccines in Colombia

Guarnizo D, García J, León D

Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung European Union, 2021

Analysis of the challenges and policy responses regarding equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines in Colombia within the global context of vaccine scarcity.

COVID-19 Vaccine Access Colombia
2021

Omisiones que matan. Estándares en seguridad vehicular y calidad del aire, su impacto en los derechos humanos

Angarita P, García J, Guarnizo D

Dejusticia, Serie Documentos, 2021

Examines vehicle safety standards and air quality regulations in Colombia and their impact on human rights.

Road Safety Human Rights Regulation
2020

COVID-19. Acciones globales frente al cierre de escuelas durante una pandemia

García J, Kairuz J, Pizarro AB, et al.

Universidad de los Andes, 2020

Examines global responses to school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic and their implications for education and public health policy.

COVID-19 Education Public Health

Earlier Publications (2014–2019)

2019

Innovaciones latinoamericanas para ciudades y comunidades cada vez más sostenibles y saludables

Sarmiento OL, García J, Higuera D, Usterbe AF, Wilches MA, Montes F, Morales R, Bonilla J, Guzmán LA

Centro de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible para América Latina y el Caribe (CODS), Universidad de los Andes, 2019

Examines Latin American innovations for sustainable and healthy cities and communities, drawing lessons from the region for SDG 11.

Urban Health SDGs Latin America
2016

Closing the Gap Between Formal and Material Health Care Coverage in Colombia

Lamprea E, García J

Health & Human Rights Journal, 18(2), pp. 49-65, 2016

Explores Colombia's path toward universal health coverage, distinguishing between formal legal coverage and material access to health services.

Universal Coverage Health Rights Access to Care
2014

The dual burden of malnutrition in Colombia

Sarmiento OL, Parra DC, González SA, González-Casanova I, Forero AY, García J

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2014

Analyzes the coexistence of undernutrition and overnutrition in Colombia, examining the epidemiological and policy implications.

Nutrition Public Health Colombia

Research Reports & Consulting Work

Country Policies to Promote Generics and Biosimilars

Inter-American Development Bank

Comparative assessment of policy frameworks promoting generic medicines and biosimilar products across Latin American countries.

2023–2024

Comparative Analysis of Regulatory Agencies in Europe and Latin America

Expertise France

Analysis of pharmaceutical regulatory capacity, processes, and effectiveness across regions.

2023–2024

Strategies to Improve Access to Raw Materials for Local Drug Manufacturing

Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)

Analysis of supply chain challenges and strategies to strengthen Colombia's local pharmaceutical manufacturing sector.

2023

Access to Essential Medicines and Prioritized Medical Devices in LAC

Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)

Regional study on barriers and facilitators to accessing essential medicines and medical devices.

2022–2023

COVID-19 Vaccine Distribution Inequities in Latin America

Oxfam International

Research examining structural factors contributing to vaccine access disparities across the region.

2021–2022

Falsified Medicines in Colombia: Challenges and Policy Responses

U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre

Analysis of the falsified medicines market and regulatory approaches to combat pharmaceutical fraud.

2022

Using Fintech to Improve Universal Health Care in Latin America

ACCESS Health International

Exploration of financial technology applications to enhance health coverage and reduce financial barriers to care.

2021